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GPS intelligent buoys
GPS intelligent buoy (GIB) systems may be classified as inverted LBL devices where the transducers are installed on GPS equipped sonobuoys that are either drifting or moored.〔(H.G."GIB Buoys: An Interface Between Space and Depths of the Ocean", Proceedings of IEEE Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Cambridge, MA, USA, pages 181-184, August 1998 )〕 GIBs may be used in conjunction with an active underwater device (such as a pinger equipped torpedo), or with a passive acoustic sound source (such as an inert bomb striking the surface of the water). Typically the sound source or impact event is tracked or localized using a time of arrival (TOA) technique.〔(A., Oliveira, P., and Pascoal, A.,"Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems Based on Buoys with GPS", Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 8th ECUA, Carvoerio, Portugal, 12–15 June 2006 )〕 Typically several GIBs are deployed over a given area of operation; with the total number determined by the size of the test area and the accuracy of the results desired. Different methods of GPS positioning may be used for positioning the array of GIBs, with accuracies of cm to meter level in realtime possible.
The system is patent protected and products are manufactured by the French company ACSA-underwater-GPS (subsidiary of the ALCEN group). Three off-the shelf products are available from the small portable GIB-Lite system to the large torpeado tracking GIB-FT, and including the medium-size,medium-range GIB-Plus system.
== History and examples of use ==
Use of GIBs for underwater tracking and weapon scoring have been in use by the Navy since the early to mid 1990s. Early GIBs were created for broad ocean area weapons testing by modifying conventional Navy sonobuoys with small OEM-grade GPS receivers and deploying them from a helicopter or from P-3 Orion aircraft.〔(Saunders, J., and Cardoza, M. "Preliminary Results from a GPS-Based Portable Impact Location System", Proceedings of The Institute of Navigation’s Satellite Division Meeting, ION GPS-95, Palm Springs, California, 12-15 September, 1995 )〕 The GPS data captured by the GIB was modulated over the analog VHF acoustic data stream using frequency-shift keying (FSK). This allows the GPS measurement data to be transmitted and received on legacy VHF sonobuoy receiver equipment. A drifting array of twelve or more GIBs would be deployed in a concentric circular array approximately 7 nm in diameter. Weapon strikes within the array emitted acoustic signatures that were captured by the GIBs and transmitted up to the orbiting aircraft. Post-mission the GPS and acoustic data from the GIBs would be combined to determine an absolute coordinate for the impact location in WGS 84 coordinates.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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